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inter Spem et MetumPortrait of a Nestling Bio-Researcher ~一个青年生物学生的肖像~
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7/7/2007 Commencement: leave & left大学生活到了这个时候总是会有一些惯例的,比如各种名目的班搓、院搓、特别搓之类,又比如穿上怪异的academic regalia满校园转来转去留影。毕竟我不会马上离开学校,所以在心态上也就欠缺了特别的感伤,但我也非常享受这段清闲又热闹的时光。当然不是所有人都这么想的,比如有人就认为这样的应酬不太真实,维持这样的传统无疑是一种悲哀。对别人的好恶指手划脚并非我的兴趣,但如果不是矫情的话,这样的想法总是让人感到悲哀的。 那天大家拍过照回来的路上,大头也问我为何大家在毕业时都喜欢三天两头聚餐这样的活动。于是我回答说,这是因为人在开始些什么的时候,可以是毫无征兆的;但当结束什么的时候,却往往需要一定的仪式。而不管是Apollo的仪式也好,Dionysus的仪式也好,总是需要与之相称的祭品的。这些被冠以各种名目的"搓"不过是这些仪式的过程罢了。 或许说得简单些更好,书什么时候都可以看,但是与大家一起干着这些蠢事的时间也只剩下现在了。回想这四年间,在纯粹事务性的场合之外大家一起干些什么的例子少之又少。谁都无法重来一次,我也绝不希望重来一次,那么现在的仪式总是封印过往的宝贵机会。我也承认这些stampede并不是什么特别有趣的事,但也绝对不是毫无意义的应酬。既然以后还会有更多更为庸俗的体验,那么现在就以单纯的情绪来享受这段短暂的结束不也很好么。 因为没找到毕业典礼上的照片,就贴这个吧: 是不是挺有这种感觉的? 如果真的成为这样的话,希望到时候我不要沦为背景就好了…… 5/19/2007 Natalis laetus mihi...周三我接受了放射的洗礼,其代价是双手被烧出4个水泡。于是我也成为了切尔诺贝利之后为数不多的受到辐射伤害的人之一。 在Northern实验中一般使用的放射性核素都是P-32,P-32是理想的高能beta源,衰变时均匀发射出beta射线(高能电子流)。此外,高能beta射线在撞击质量数高的物质比如铅时还会激发X射线,术语叫做轫致辐射(Bremsstrahlung,这也就是为什么同位素的容器必须是两层,内部玻璃外部铅盒),因此在实验中的防护上与gamma源如I-131等使用铅板不同,一般是用有机玻璃板(要1cm以上厚度)以减少产生X射线(一篇最近的文章也质疑这种做法,他们的实验表明铅板比塑料板更有效,不过我怀疑这是他们使用的塑料板材质问题:Van Pelt WR et al. Beta radiation shielding with lead and plastic: effect on bremsstrahlung radiation when switching the shielding order. Health Phys. 2007 Feb;92(2 Suppl):S13-7. PMID: 17228183)。不过一个很容易忽略的问题是beta射线的散射。短波长的电子束打在障碍物上会产生散射,因此并不是挡住就没事了,很可能操作空间以内都弥散有beta射线。 一般我们认为beta源要比gamma源安全,这是从它们的穿透性来讲的。beta射线在空气中的射程大约只有两米左右,而对于皮肤则不到1cm,其中90%会在2mm内被吸收,大约能穿透到生发层;而gamma射线会直接穿透淋巴和骨髓去。因此在最坏的情况下,beta射线会造成皮肤癌,gamma射线会造成白血病--前者的治愈率似乎要高那么一点……不过考虑到我们的操作通常都是在50cm以内的空间进行的,在这种距离上,beta射线与gamma射线的相对照射剂量相差无几(一般用量),所以危险性上是差不多的。 以后会用到放射性同位素来做实验的人建议都读一下这篇文章:Failla G. Personnel protection in the use of radioisotope. J Clin Invest. 1949 Nov; 28(6 Pt 1): 1281-1285. PMCID: 439686。这篇文章虽然很发表于半个世纪以前,但是写得很详细,从引起过度辐射的心理疏忽到放射性防护的fact&fiction。需要注意的是里面的计量单位已经过时了。如果你有过硬的DIY技术的话,也可以参考一下这篇文章改造你的移液器等实验器具:Josefsen K et al. An alternative approach to 32P radiation protection: source shielding. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Feb 11;21(3):485-7. PMID: 8441662。 总而言之,在实验室操作的时候我们尽可能做到以下几条: 1.劝说老板买防护服(多半是不可能的……); 2.死道友不死贫道,推给别人做(太下流了,没可能的); 3.合理规划实验,减少照射时间; 4.多戴几层手套,勤换手套; 5.一定要穿实验服,规范操作尽量避免沾染; 6.定时用盖革计数器检测沾染情况; 7.冰上操作,保持湿度,以免放射性物质形成气溶胶; 8.做完试验仔细洗手洗脸; 9.祈祷。 至于像我这样受到辐射之后的轻微皮肤发炎的情况不需要处理,要相信DNA修复的能力。预防的方法有局部涂可地松软膏(Potera ME et al. Prophylaxis of radiation dermatitis with a topical cortisone cream. Radiology. 1982 Jun;143(3):775-7. PMID: 7079509)、VC软膏(Halperin EC et al. A double-blind, randomized, prospective trial to evaluate topical vitamin C solution for the prevention of radiation dermatitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Jun 15;26(3):413-6. PMID: 8514538)、芦荟油(Richardson J et al. Aloe vera for preventing radiation-induced skin reactions: a systematic literature review. Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep;17(6):478-84. PMID: 16149293),似乎都没有明显的效果。 总之,对于安全操作放射性而言一句话总是有用的:"一盎司的常识胜过一磅的铅块"("for protection from ionizing radiation one ounce of commonsense is better than a pound of lead", Farran HE. Safe handling of radio-isotopes. Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Dec;32 Suppl 6:Suppl:17-8. PMID: 4769187)。 今天又是我的生日,一年的时间一晃又过了。看见周围的人都在前进,似乎只有我在看着时间流过,说实话感觉并不太好。前天实验室给我开了个小小的庆生会,我在蛋糕上像熊猫烧香一样插上三根蜡烛点燃,然后什么也不想就吹灭了。现在想起来,我大概从很小的时候开始就没有强烈地祈望过什么了。祈求便能得到的,都是可有可无的东西吧。 以前说过,我难以理解为何人们纪念某个大人物的诞辰。无论是多么伟大的人物,在出生的时候也不过是吃不到奶就哭的一介小P孩,他/她人生的意义只有在死的时候才会体现出来。因此纪念诞辰不如纪念逝世。现在我依然也这么想。不过对于一般的生日祝福,我也能够理解其意义所在。 互いにこの世に生を享けた偶然を心から幸いと感じ、祝福を捧げる。私もいつか、このように感じ合うヒトと出会えるのだろうか。 5/12/2007 出门昨天虽然稍有些热,但还是相当适合出游的天气,于是我背上包,兴致勃勃地到植生所去拿同位素…… 应该有不少人都去过植生所,不过我还是第一次去。似乎上海这边用的同位素都是北京制造(制造放射性同位素需要100MeV以上的加速器,是原子能研究院生产的么?)经由植生所周转的,周围不少实验室都在这里拿同位素。 轻轨地铁两次换乘之后就到了东安路站,走路两分钟就到了枫林路。以前没来过枫林路,只知道复旦医学院在这里,以为是挺大的,没想到也就是一条支马路的样子。先看到了有机所,长满爬山虎的外墙很有植生所的感觉啊~~~ 有机所的旁边、复旦护理学院的对面就是植生所了。主楼很高,温室很壮观,灌木草坪的花园式布局很清爽,简单来说就是看起来就很有钱。 管理同位素的地方在某个阴暗的小屋里,因为事先有电话联系过,我向那里的老伯自称是某某实验室的人,很轻松就拿到了。我把同位素放进预先带来的冰袋,塞进包里就原路返回。 地铁上的冷气很舒服,我带着和平的表情开始阅读带在身上的文献。尽管没有哪个公共交通工具允许乘客随身携带放射性物品乘车,不过我这样的学生是不可能开私家车的,对于规定就只好无视了。 所以,有坐地铁四号线的人如果看见一个灰头土脸的人,带着一个可疑的白色泡沫塑料盒或是可疑的包的话,可以稍微离他远一点--尽管大多数情况下是没有问题的~~~ 4/10/2007 An Up-to-date Cell Paper by Weiming ZhongCell. 2007 Apr 6;129(1):163-78. The Mammalian Golgi Regulates Numb Signaling in Asymmetric Cell Division by Releasing ACBD3 during Mitosis. Yan Zhou, Joshua B. Atkins, Santiago B. Rompani, Daria L. Bancescu, Petur H. Petersen, Haiyan Tang, Kaiyong Zou, Sinead B. Stewart, and Weimin Zhong Mammalian neural progenitor cells divide asymmetrically to self-renew and produce a neuron by segregating cytosolic Numb proteins primarily to one daughter cell. Numb signaling specifies progenitor over neuronal fates but, paradoxically, also promotes neuronal differentiation. Here we report that ACBD3 is a Numb partner in cell-fate specification. ACBD3 and Numb proteins interact through an essential Numb domain, and the respective loss- and gain-of-function mutant mice share phenotypic similarities. Interestingly, ACBD3 associates with the Golgi apparatus in neurons and interphase progenitor cells but becomes cytosolic after Golgi fragmentation during mitosis, when Numb activity is needed to distinguish the two daughter cells. Accordingly, cytosolic ACBD3 can act synergistically with Numb to specify cell fates, and its continuing presence during the progenitor cell cycle inhibits neuron production. We propose that Golgi fragmentation and reconstitution during cell cycle differentially regulate Numb signaling through changes in ACBD3 subcellular distribution and represent a mechanism for coupling cell-fate specification and cell-cycle progression. 话说回来我现在要做的东西其实是跟Ting Xie和Haifan Lin走的,最近Xie有篇跟人back to back的文章(不过这个theme到现在才出来呀……): Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 20;17(6):539-44. Dcr-1 maintains Drosophila ovarian stem cells. Zhigang Jin and Ting Xie MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by controlling the turnover, translation, or both of specific mRNAs. In Drosophila, Dicer-1 (Dcr-1) is essential for generating mature miRNAs from their corresponding precursors. Because miRNAs are known to modulate developmental events, such as cell fate determination and maintenance in many species, we investigated whether a lack of Dcr-1 would affect the maintenance of stem cells (germline stem cells, GSCs; somatic stem cells, SSCs) in the Drosophila ovary by specifically removing its function from the stem cells. Our results show that dcr-1 mutant GSCs cannot be maintained and are lost rapidly from the niche without discernable features of cell death, indicating that Dcr-1 controls GSC self-renewal but not survival. bag of marbles (bam), the gene that encodes an important differentiating factor in the Drosophila germline, however, is not upregulated in dcr-1 mutant GSCs, and its removal does not slow down dcr-1 mutant GSC loss, suggesting that Dcr-1 controls GSC self-renewal by repressing a Bam-independent differentiation pathway. Furthermore, Dcr-1 is also essential for the maintenance of SSCs in the Drosophila ovary. Our data suggest that miRNAs produced by Dcr-1 are required for maintaining two types of stem cells in the Drosophila ovary. 4/6/2007 眼镜失踪事件前两天我的眼镜神秘地失踪了。问题出在某天晚上我在睡觉前把笔记本搬到床上玩,玩了一会儿之后开始看文献,之后的事情就不记得了。第二天早上醒来的时候发现自己头枕键盘睡了一晚,眼镜已经失踪了。 我以为同前几次我在床上看书睡着一样,眼镜只是被压在了身下或是掉到了床下,但却怎么也找不到。因为马上就要上课,我翻出备用眼镜就直接出门了,准备下课回来再找。 但怪异的是,我把寝室上上下下翻了个遍,卧具翻开、床铺彻底拍打到即使有眼镜在下面都会被砸碎的程度,甚至还发动8个人帮我把床(与书桌一体化的,很重)拖开还是没有找到。于是我放弃了,准备有时间便出去重新配一副--备用眼镜不合度数戴起来不太好受。 在电话里跟老妈讲起这件事时,她建议我找时间去把眼睛做掉--当然不是干掉的意思,用专业术语来说叫做Refractive Surgery。我有时也会觉得戴眼镜挺麻烦的,原来想换成隐形眼镜,但被父母否决了,说是对眼睛不好--实际上只要保养得当这也不是什么问题。 于是我便认真考虑了一下是否要去做手术的问题,开始查阅相关的文献。Refractive surgery现在主要有PRK和LASIK两类,另外还有LASEK之类PRK的改进型,由于LASIK在各个方面的优越性(Shortt AJ et al. Evidence for superior efficacy and safety of LASIK over photorefractive keratectomy for correction of myopia. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(11):1897-908.),PRK已经算是被废了,最近还出现了称为Epipolis-LASIK的技术,不过还没有足够的资料证实其优越性和安全性(Katsanevaki VJ et al. Epipolis laser in-situ keratomileusis: an evolving surface ablation procedure for refractive corrections. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006;17(4):389-93.)。以我的狀況(-5.00D左右的近视,无散光)來看算是比較适合接受LASIK手术的,但也没有非做不可的理由--没有影响生活的高度近视(Wilson SE. Use of Lasers for Vision Correction of Nearsightedness and Farsightedness. N Engl J Med 2004;351:470-5.)因为没有散光,所以应该不会有比较复杂的角膜地形,这样就减少了一部分后遗症出现的可能。 虽然大部分手术效果都是很不错的,不过看到术中术后可能出现的不良状况我就觉得怎么看怎么不稳,
失明倒是很稀罕的现象,不过到是有些人得动第二次手术。夜间视力会有比较明显的影响(Hammond SD Jr et al. Quality of vision and patient satisfaction after LASIK. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2004;15(4):328-32.)。虽然波前像差引导的个性化手术有助于减少一些因个体差异产生的切削问题(Netto MV et al. Wavefront-guided ablation: evidence for efficacy compared to traditional ablation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(2):360-8.),但有研究也质疑其有效性(Phusitphoykai N et al. Comparison of conventional versus wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis in the same patient. J Refract Surg 2003;19(S2):217-20; Mrochen M et al. Clinical results of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis 3 months after surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:201-7.)。术后角膜膨胀是一个比较恐怖的并发症(发病率约0.6%,Rabinowitz YS. Ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006;17(4):421-6.),运气一个不好,变成这个样子就惨了(虽然看上去有些酷……)
最麻烦的是,LASIK这样的手术本身才开展不到十年,长期的效应或者并发症都很难说(Reinstein DZ et al. Have you seen the 10-year long term safety data on LASIK?. 2006;22(9):843-5),因此我对于自己去接受这样的手术总是持谨慎的保守态度。 作为最后的结论,第二天老殷很偶然地发现了我的眼镜:掉在床垫与床沿的夹缝间,仿佛是灯台照远不照近的完美注解。于是我很自然地成为了笑柄。 接受手术的打算也就此无限期中止。 3/23/2007 译文:四条黄金的经验这是2003年一期Nature上的文章,物理学家Steven Weinberg的演讲稿,读完之后感觉深得我心,随手译了一下放在这里,与同仁们共勉。 Steven Weinberg建立了弱电统一理论(即统一四种基本力中的弱相互作用和电磁力),对于他所提到的Standard Model的建立起了决定性的贡献。有人对于Standard Model的评价是"被确认得如此之好,好得无聊"("the Standard Model is studied and confirmed so well that things are, almost boring")。由于知识所限,有关于Standard Model的东西就去看他发在European Physics Journal上的面向专业听众的讲稿The Making of Standard Model吧。(European Physics Journal C. 34:5-13. 2004) 四条黄金的经验 Steven Weinberg 当我获得我的大学学位时--得有100年了吧--物理学文献在我看来犹如一片浩瀚无际未经探索的海洋,而我在开始自己的研究之前必须勘测完每一片海域。在我还没有了解别人所完成的一切之前我又怎么能做研究呢?幸运的是,我在研究生院的第一年当一位资深物理学家的小弟,而他在我焦虑的反对下依然坚持我必须先开始研究工作,然后再一步步了解我所必须学习的东西。要么被淹死,要么学会游泳。令我吃惊的是:这很管用。我很快拿到了博士学位--尽管我拿到学位时仍对物理学几乎一无所知。但我确实学到了一件重要的事:没人知道一切,你也无需如此。 我学到的第二条经验--继续使用关于海洋的比喻--当你没淹死而学会游泳之后,你应当总是瞄准危险水域。60年代后期我在麻省理工任教时,一名学生告诉我他想进入广义相对论而非我正在从事的基本粒子物理领域工作,因为前者的基本原理已经清楚了,而后者在他看来还是一团糟。这令我惊讶:他正好给出了一个做出相反选择的完美理由。那时粒子物理是一片依然能够进行创造性工作的领域。在60年代粒子物理确实是一团糟,但之后许多理论与实验物理学家的工作使得所有问题(呃,几乎所有)统一于一个美妙的理论之下,那就是标准模型理论。我的建议是:挑战混沌--那最刺激。 我的第三条建议恐怕是最难接受的,那就是原谅自己浪费时间。教授(除非异常地残忍)只会要求自己的学生去解决他知道能够被解决的问题。另外,这些问题的科学意义是否重大无关紧要--要通过课程就必须解决这些问题。然而在现实世界里,我们很难知道那些问题是重要的,并且你没法知道在某个给定的历史时期,一个问题是否是可解决的。在20世纪初,数位物理学先驱,包括洛仑兹和Abraham曾试图建立电子理论。这一工作部分是为了弄清楚为何所有探测地球在以太中运动效应的尝试均告失败。现在我们知道他们是在研究错误的问题。在那个时候,没有人可以建立起成功的电子理论,因为量子力学尚未被发现。得益于1905年阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的天才,所有人才意识到应当研究的问题是运动对时空度量的效应。这导致了狭义相对论的建立。因为你永远也不能确定那些事应当研究的"正确的问题",你在实验室或是书桌上耗费的大多数时间会被浪费掉。如果你想做出创造性的工作,那么你就不得不习惯于在大多数的时间毫无创造性,习惯于平静面对科学知识的海洋。 最后一点,学一点科学史,或者最低限度你所从事分支的历史。这样做最不重要的理由是历史可能对你自己的工作有所帮助。比如,科学家们偶尔会被从弗朗西斯·培根到托马斯·库恩、卡尔·波普的哲学家们所提出的、过度简化的科学模型所妨碍。一些科学史的知识是对抗科学哲学的最佳解毒剂。 更为重要的是,科学史能够使你的工作对你显得更有价值。作为一个科学家,你很可能富裕无望;你的朋友和亲人很可能无法理解你究竟在干些什么;而且如果你做的是诸如基本粒子物理领域的工作的话,你还无法获得"正在做着马上就能有用的事"的满足感。但当你认识到你的工作是科学历史的一部分时,你会有巨大的成就感。 回首100年前的1903年,谁当英国首相或是美国总统现在看来有何重要?真正特别重要的事在McGill大学,埃涅斯特·卢瑟福和弗雷德里克·索迪正要揭示放射能的本质。这一工作有实际的应用(当然!),但更为重要的是其蕴含的文化意义。对放射能的理解使得物理学家能够解释太阳与地球的核心怎样维持数百万年的高热。由此许多地质学家与古生物学家对于地球与太阳年龄最后的科学异议也告解除。从此以后,基督教徒与犹太教徒要么不得不放弃对圣经字面真实的确信,要么承认这种确信与理性无关。这只是自伽利略到牛顿、达尔文至今一连串对宗教原教旨主义控制的打击中的一步。阅读一下最近的任何报纸都足以使你明白,这一工作仍未完成。但这是一件启蒙性的工作,科学家们能够为之自豪。
Nature 426, 389 (27 November 2003); doi:10.1038/426389a Steven Weinberg When I received my undergraduate degree - about a hundred years ago - the physics literature seemed to me a vast, unexplored ocean, every part of which I had to chart before beginning any research of my own. How could I do anything without knowing everything that had already been done? Fortunately, in my first year of graduate school, I had the good luck to fall into the hands of senior physicists who insisted, over my anxious objections, that I must start doing research, and pick up what I needed to know as I went along. It was sink or swim. To my surprise, I found that this works. I managed to get a quick PhD - though when I got it I knew almost nothing about physics. But I did learn one big thing: that no one knows everything, and you don't have to. Another lesson to be learned, to continue using my oceanographic metaphor, is that while you are swimming and not sinking you should aim for rough water. When I was teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1960s, a student told me that he wanted to go into general relativity rather than the area I was working on, elementary particle physics, because the principles of the former were well known, while the latter seemed like a mess to him. It struck me that he had just given a perfectly good reason for doing the opposite. Particle physics was an area where creative work could still be done. It really was a mess in the 1960s, but since that time the work of many theoretical and experimental physicists has been able to sort it out, and put everything (well, almost everything) together in a beautiful theory known as the standard model. My advice is to go for the messes - that's where the action is. My third piece of advice is probably the hardest to take. It is to forgive yourself for wasting time. Students are only asked to solve problems that their professors (unless unusually cruel) know to be solvable. In addition, it doesn't matter if the problems are scientifically important - they have to be solved to pass the course. But in the real world, it's very hard to know which problems are important, and you never know whether at a given moment in history a problem is solvable. At the beginning of the twentieth century, several leading physicists, including Lorentz and Abraham, were trying to work out a theory of the electron. This was partly in order to understand why all attempts to detect effects of Earth's motion through the ether had failed. We now know that the were working on the wrong problem. At that time, no one could have developed a successful theory of the electron, because quantum mechanics had not yet been discovered. It took the genius of Albert Einstein in 1905 to realize that the right problem on which to work was the effect of motion on measurements of space and time. This led him to the special theory of relativity. As you will never be sure which are the right problems to work on, most of the time that you spend in the laboratory or at your desk will be wasted. If you want to be creative, then you will have to get used to spending most of your time not being creative, to being becalmed on the ocean of scientific knowledge. Finally, learn something about the history of science, or at a minimum the history of your own branch of science. The least important reason for this is that the history may actually be of some use to you in your own scientific work. For instance, now and then scientists are hampered by believing one of the over-simplified models of science that have been proposed by philosophers from Francis Bacon to Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The best antidote to the philosophy of science is a knowledge of the history of science. More importantly, the history of science can make your work seem more worthwhile to you. As a scientist, you're probably not going to get rich. Your friends and relatives probably won't understand what you're doing. And if you work in a field like elementary particle physics, you won't even have the satisfaction of doing something that is immediately useful. But you can get great satisfaction by recognizing that your work in science is a part of history. Look back 100 years, to 1903. How important is it now who was Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1903, or President of the United States? What stands out as really important is that at McGill University, Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy were working out the nature of radioactivity. This work (of course!) had practical applications, but much more important were its cultural implications. The understanding of radioactivity allowed physicists to explain how the Sun and Earth's cores could still be hot after millions of years. In this way, it removed the last scientific objection to what many geologists and paleontologists thought was the great age of the Earth and the Sun. After this, Christians and Jews either had to give up belief in the literal truth of the Bible or resign themselves to intellectual irrelevance.This was just one step in a sequence of steps from Galileo through Newton and Darwin to the present that, time after time, has weakened the hold of religious dogmatism. Reading any newspaper nowadays is enough to show you that this work is not yet complete. But it is civilizing work, of which scientists are able to feel proud. 3/16/2007 做了诡异的梦今天下午上分子遗传的课,我很自然地睡着了。然后从睡梦中惊醒的时候,还依然记得自己刚刚做的情节略显荒诞的梦。 我们一家是臭名昭著的诈骗团体,这次看上的目标似乎是挺有钱的人。我们不知怎么就和他们一起去旅游了。旅游的地点是某个举办世界杯还是奥运会的城市。我们坐在目标的车里(似乎是三菱陆地巡洋舰)向目的地进发。 半路上不知为何,老妈开始给目标讲玉米中的转座子系统(……),而且她讲的基本没问题,我连嘴也插不上…… 这时由于过于荒诞引发了自我保护,我清醒了过来。讲台上教分子遗传的老师刚刚开始讲转座子…… 3/9/2007 无题前两天日语1级成绩下来,我以跟去年2级一样的分数过关。想想我去年因为忙基本没有学过日语,准备考试总共就准备了排队进场那么点时间。已经有不过的觉悟了,这样都还可以过关真是有些你费那么多事儿干嘛(黑皮语)的感觉。 3/6/2007 In Memory...2月27日早上我正收拾东西准备飞回上海之前,上QQ群接到了消息:我高中时的一位女同学两个月前病逝了。我走那天其他同学刚好准备一起去她家里慰问一下她的家人。我马上就要去机场,只有打电话叫别人帮我代为致哀了。 我稍稍有些吃惊,虽然没有人不清楚人总是会死的,但是当这样的事真实地发生在自己所熟识的人身上,而非晚报上社会新闻的一角时,这件事便超出统计数字的层面,回归为小小的悲剧了。 据别人的说法,她所患的是系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)。在亚洲的年轻女性中也算是常见病了(1/1000)。目前没有什么有效的治疗手段,不过对症疗法的控制如果得当的话,还是可以维持生命的。像这类自身免疫性疾病(还有RA之类的)很棘手,常规上必须使用corticoid类抑制免疫(现在激素的副作用成为问题,国外似乎更多用甲氨喋呤和环磷酰胺一类的药物),但是这样就比较容易并发其他感染。目前比较有前景的根治手段是免疫系统摧毁+自体干细胞免疫重建。 不得不用过去式来称呼某个曾经熟悉的人总有些令人唏嘘,特别是想到当事者是与我同龄的人。说实话,我与这位女生并不是很熟悉,高二开始我转学成为同班同学之后,只记得交换过一般问候与纯粹事务性的对话。印象不过是"似乎是个很安静的人"而已,如果再多过五六年的话,我恐怕就没有办法把她的名字与外表关联起来了--如同我曾经认识过的许多人一样。 人生尚未开始的时候便不得不终止,我不知道她自己在最后是抱着如何的心情度过的。不过如果是我的话,也许会很平静,这与性格、意志、人生态度什么的毫无关系:既有享尽天年无疾而终的人,也有一出生便注定看不到第二天晨光的人。出生于这个世界本就是偶然的,因偶然而离去也没有什么奇怪,既不需要愤恨也不需要抱怨。 飞抵上海,回到寝室的时候,寒假被我扔在窝里一个月的仓鼠探出头找我要吃的。虽然瘦了不少,但这个小家伙还活着,很精神地。那一刻,强与弱、大与小、轻与重、存与灭,这些"生命"所独有的奇妙背反,如同往常一样引发我微量的感性。 如果有死后的的世界,希望她能在彼岸安享冥福。 In nomine Patris et fillii et Spiritus Sancti... 2/1/2007 Nature Genetics 'Question of the Year'Nature Genetics的创刊15周年活动--年度问题:提出一个open question,让声望卓著的遗传学家谈谈自己的看法。今年的问题是"What would you do if you had the ability to sequence the equivalent of an entire human genome for $1,000?"
我的看法是:还是太贵了,降到1000块RMB的话我会考虑去把自己的基因组给测一遍。
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